Five facts that we know if LIGO will detect the merger of neutron stars

Martin Rees once said, "it Becomes clear that in a sense the cosmos provides the only laboratory in which successfully created extreme conditions for testing new ideas from particle physics. Energy the Big Bang was much higher than we can achieve on Earth. Therefore, in the search for evidence of the Big Bang and studying things like neutron stars, we actually studied fundamental physics".

If there's one significant difference between General relativity and Newtonian gravity, it is this: in Einstein's theory, nothing lasts forever. Even if you had two absolutely stable mass orbiting each other – the masses, who never burn, does not lose material and did not change their orbits gradually decayed. And if in Newtonian gravity, two masses will rotate around their common center of gravity forever, General relativity tells us that a small amount of energy is lost every time when mass is accelerated by the gravitational field through which it passes. This energy does not disappear, but is carried away in form of gravitational waves. Over long periods of time will be radiated enough energy to povyshauschie two masses touch each other and merge. Have three LIGO watched this with the example of black holes. But maybe it's time to take the next step and see the first merger of neutron stars, says Ethan Siegel with Medium.com.

Any masses that fall in this gravitational dance will emit gravitational waves, causing the orbit to be violated. Reasons why LIGO has detected black holes, three:

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1. They are incredibly massive
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2. They are the most compact objects in the Universe
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3. In the last time of the merger they rotate at the right frequency, so they can fix the laser LIGO sleeves

It All together – large mass a short distance, and the correct frequency range – give the team a huge LIGO search, they may find the merging of black holes. The ripples from these massive dance extends over many billions of light years and even reaches the Ground.

Although black holes have to have the disk accretion, electromagnetic signals that have black holes to develop, remain elusive. If the solenoid is part of the phenomenon is present, it should produce neutron stars.

The Universe has many other interesting objects that produce gravity waves of large magnitude. Supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies eat gas clouds, planets, asteroids and even other stars and black holes constantly. Unfortunately, because their event horizons are huge, they move in an orbit very slowly and give out the wrong range of frequencies that LIGO could detect. White dwarfs, binary stars and other planetary systems have the same problem: these objects are physically too large and therefore move in orbit too long. So long that we'd need a space Observatory for gravitational waves, to see them. But there is another hope that has the desired combination of characteristics (weight, compactness, and desired frequency) to be seen by LIGO: merging neutron stars.

as soon as two neutron stars orbit around each other, the General theory of relativity predicts orbital decay and gravitational radiation. In the last stages of the merger – which has never been observed in the gravitational wave amplitude will be at its peak and LIGO will be able to detect the event

Neutron stars are not as massive as black holes, but they are likely to be two to three times more massive than the Sun: about 10-20% of masses previously detected events LIGO. They are almost as compact as black holes, with a physical size of only ten miles radius. Despite the fact that the quanta collapse into the dark black hole to the singularity, they have the event horizon and the physical size of the neutron star (this is mainly just a giant atomic nucleus) is slightly higher than the event horizon of a black hole. Their frequency, especially in the last few seconds merge, great for LIGO sensitivity. If an event occurs in the right place, we will be able to know five incredible facts.

During helical twisting and merger of two neutron stars to be a tremendous amount of energy and heavy elements, gravitational waves and electromagnetic signals, as shown in the image

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Do neutron stars create gamma-ray bursts?

There is an interesting thought: what are short gamma-ray bursts, which are incredibly energetic, but meet for less than two seconds are caused by merging neutron stars. They stem from old galaxies in regions where no new stars are born, and therefore only stellar corpses unable to explain them. But until we know, as there is a short gamma-ray burst, we can't be sure what is causing it. If LIGO will be able to register the merger of neutron stars on gravitational waves, and we can see a short gamma-ray burst immediately after that, it will be the final confirmation of one of the most interesting ideas of astrophysics.

Two merging neutron stars, as shown here, do spin and emit gravitational waves, but they are much harder to detect than black hole. However, unlike black holes, they have to throw away part of its mass back into the Universe where it will contribute in the form of heavy elements

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When neutron stars collide, what portion of their mass becomes a black hole?

If you look at heavy elements in the periodic table and wonder how they came from comes to mind is "supernova". In the end, this story is shared by astronomers and it is partly true. But most heavy elements in the periodic table — mercury, gold, tungsten, lead, etc., actually are born in the collisions of neutron stars. Most of the mass of neutron stars, about 90-95% is spent on the creation of a black hole in the center, but the remaining outer layers are ejected, forming a majority of these elements in our galaxy. It should be noted that if the total mass of two merging neutron stars is below a certain threshold, they will form a neutron star, not a black hole. It is rare, but not impossible. And exactly how much mass is ejected during such an event, we don't know. If LIGO will register this event to find out.

Here illustrate the range Advanced LIGO and its ability to register the merger of black holes. Merging neutron stars can get only one tenth of the range and have 0.1% of normal volume, but if a lot of neutron stars, LIGO find

How far LIGO can see the merger of neutron stars?

This issue is devoted not to the Universe itself, but rather how large the sensitivity of the LIGO construction. In the case of light, if the object 10 times then it will be 100 times dimmer; but with gravitational waves, if the object is 10 times further away, the gravitational-wave signal is only 10 times weaker. LIGO can observe black holes many millions of light years, but the neutron star will be visible only in case if they merge into the nearest galactic clusters. If we see such a merger, we will be able to check out how good our equipment is, or how good it should be.

When merging two neutron stars, as shown here, they have to create the gamma-ray jets, as well as other electromagnetic phenomena, which in the case of Ground proximity are distinguishable our best observatories

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What is the afterglow left after the merger of neutron stars?

We know in some cases that a strong event, corresponding to the collisions of neutron stars that have already occurred and that they leave signatures in other electromagnetic bands. In addition to gamma rays can be ultraviolet, optical, infrared or radio components. Or it can be a multispectral component, which is manifested in all five bands, in that order. When LIGO will detect the merger of neutron stars, we could capture one of the most astonishing phenomena of nature.

a Neutron star, though consisting of neutral particles, produces the strongest magnetic fields in the Universe. When neutron stars merge, they have to produce both gravitational waves and electromagnetic signatures

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for the first time We will be able to combine gravitational-wave astronomy with the traditional

The Previous event, captured LIGO, were impressive, but we have not had the opportunity to observe this merging through a telescope. We are inevitably faced with two factors:

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• event Positions cannot be accurately determined with only two detectors, in principle
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• Merging black holes do not have a bright electromagnetic (light) components

Now that VIRGO works in sync with the two LIGO detectors, we can greatly improve understanding of where in space are born of these gravitational waves. But more importantly, as the merger of neutron stars should have an electromagnetic component, this may mean that the first gravitational-wave astronomy and traditional astronomy will be used together to monitor the same event in the Universe!

Spiral twisting and merging of two neutron stars, as shown here, should lead to the emergence of a specific signal of gravitational waves. Also the time of the merger should create the electromagnetic radiation that is unique and identifiable in itself

We have entered a new era of astronomy, which use not only telescopes and interferometers. We use not only light, but also gravitational waves, to see and understand the Universe. ...